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Details, datasheet, quote on part number:AD2S100
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FEATURES Complete Vector Coordinate Transformation on Silicon Mixed Signal Data Acquisition Three-Phase 120 and Orthogonal 90 Signal Transformation Three-Phase Balance DiagnosticHomopolar Output
Cos Cos Sin Ia Vds Ib 30-20 Ic Vqs
AC Vector Processor AD2S100
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT DATA STROBE POSITION PARALLEL DATA 12 BITS BUSY
SINE AND SECTOR COSINE MULTIPLIER MULTIPLIER
Va Vds' 2 -3 Vb
Cos + Cos ( + 120° + )
APPLICATIONS AC Induction and DC Permanent Magnet Motor Control HVAC, Pump, Fan Control Material Handling Robotics Spindle Drives Gyroscopes Dryers Washing Machines Electric Cars Actuator Three-Phase Power Measurement Digital-to-Resolver & Synchro Conversion GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Cos ( + 120°) Cos ( + 240°) Sin
SINE AND SECTOR COSINE MULTIPLIER MULTIPLIER Ia + Ib + Ic 3
Vc Cos ( + 240° + ) Vqs' Sin +
CONV1 CONV2
DECODE HOMOPOLAR OUTPUT HOMOPOLAR REFERENCE +5V GND 5V
The AD2S100 performs the vector rotation of three-phase 120 degree or two-phase 90 degree sine and cosine signals by transferring these inputs into a new reference frame which is controlled by the digital input angle . Two transforms are included in the AD2S100. The first is the Clarke transform which computes the sine and cosine orthogonal components of a three-phase input. These signals represent real and imaginary components which then form the input to the Park transform. The Park transform relates the angle of the input signals to a reference frame controlled by the digital input port. The digital input port is a 12-bit parallel binary representation. If the input signals are represented by Vds and Vqs, respectively, where Vds and Vqs are the real and imaginary components, then the transformation can be described as follows: Vds' = Vds Cos Vqs Sin Vqs' = Vds Sin + Vqs Cos Where Vds' and Vqs' are the output of the Park transform and Sin, and Cos are the values internally derived by the AD2S100 from the binary digital data. The input section of the device can be configured to accept either three-phase inputs, two-phase inputs of a three-phase system, or two 90 degree input signals. The homopolar output detects the imbalance of a three-phase input only. Under normal conditions, this output will be zero.
The digital input section will accept a resolution of up to 12 bits (AD2S100). An input data strobe signal is required to synchronize the position data and load this information into the device counters. A busy output is provided to identify the conversion status of the AD2S100. The busy period represents the conversion time of the vector rotation. Two analog output formats are available. A two-phase rotated output facilitates multiple rotation blocks. Three phase format signals are available for use with a PWM inverter.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS Hardware Peripheral for Standard Microcontrollers and DSP Systems
The AD2S100 removes the time consuming cartesian transformations from digital processors and benchmarks a speed improvement of 30:1 on standard 20 MHz processors. AD2S100 transformation time = 2 µs (typ).
Field Oriented Control of AC and DC Brushless Motors
The AD2S100 accommodates all the necessary functions to provide a hardware solution for ac vector control of induction motors and dc brushless motors.
Three-Phase Imbalance Detection
The AD2S100 can be used to sense overcurrent situations or imbalances in a three-phase system via the homopolar output.
Resolver-to-Digital Converter Interface
The AD2S100 provides general purpose interface for position sensors used in the application of dc brushless and ac induction motor control.
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703
AD2S100SPECIFICATIONS +85°C, unless otherwise noted)
Parameter SIGNAL INPUTS PH/IP1, 2, 3, 4 Voltage Level PH/IPH1, 2, 3 Voltage Level Input Impedance PH/IP1, 2, 3 PH/IPH1, 2, 3 PH/IP1, 4 Gain PH/IP1, 2, 3, 4 PH/IPH1, 2, 3 VECTOR PERFORMANCE 3 Input-Output Radius Error (Any Phase) Angular Error1, 2 (PH/IP) (PH/IPH) Monotonicity Full Power Bandwidth Small Signal Bandwidth ANALOG SIGNAL OUTPUTS PH/OP1, 2, 3, 4 Output Voltage3 Offset Voltage Slew Rate Small Signal Step Response Output Resistance Output Drive Current Resistive Load Capacitive Load STROBE Write Max Update Rate BUSY Pulse Width V OH V OL DIGITAL INPUTS DB1DB12 V IH V IL Input Current, IIN Input Capacitance, CIN CONVERT MODE (CONV1, CONV2) V IH V IL Input Current Input Capacitance CONVERT LOGIC CONV1 NO CONNECT DGND VDD CONV2 DGND V DD V DD Min Typ ± 2.8 7.5 13.5 1 0.98 10 18 Max 3.3 ± 4.25
(VDD = +5 V
5%; VSS = 5 V
5% AGND = DGND = O V; TA = 40 C to
Conditions DC to 50 kHz DC to 50 kHz
Units V p-p V p-p k k M
Mode 1 Only (2 Phase) Sin & Cos
1 0.56
1.02
0.35 9
0.7 18 24
% arc min arc min kHz kHz
DC to 600 Hz DC to 600 Hz DC to 600 Hz Guaranteed Monotonic
50 200
± 2.8 2 2 1 15 4.0 50 100 366 1.7 4
± 3.3 5
V p-p mV V/µs µs mA k pF ns kHz
PH/IP, PH/IPH INPUTS DC to 50 kHz Inputs = 0 V 1° Input to Settle to ± 1 LSB (Input to Output) Outputs to AGND
3.0 2
Positive Pulse
2.5 1
µs V dc V dc
Conversion in Process IOH = 0.5 mA IOL = 0.5 mA
3.5 1.5 10 10
V dc V dc µA pF
3.5 1.5 100 10
V dc V dc µA pF
Internal 50 k Pull-Up Resistor
2-Phase Orthogonal with 2 Inputs Nominal Input Level 3-Phase (0°, 120°, 240°) with 3 Inputs Nominal Input Level 3-Phase (0°, 120°, 240°) with 2 Inputs Nominal Input Level 2 REV. A
AD2S100
Parameter HOMOPOLAR OUTPUT HPOPOutput V OH V OL HPREFREFERENCE Min Typ Max Units Conditions
4 1 0.5
V dc V dc V dc k
HPFILT-FILTER POWER SUPPLY V DD V SS IDD ISS
100
IOH = 0.5 mA IOL = 0.5 mA Homopolar Output-Internal ISOURCE = 25 µA and 20 k to AGND Internal Resistor with External Capacitor = 220 nF
4.75 5.25
5 5 4 4
5.25 4.75 10 10
V dc V dc mA mA
Quiescent Current Quiescent Current
NOTES 1 Angular accuracy includes offset and gain errors. Stationary digital input and maximum analog frequency inputs. 2 Included in the angular error is an allowance for the additional error caused by the phase delay as a function of input frequency. For example, if fINPUT = 600 Hz, the contribution to the error due to phase delay is: 650 ns × fINPUT × 60 × 360 = 8.4 arc minutes. 3 Output subject to input voltage and gain. Specifications in boldface are production tested. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Power Supply Voltage (+VDD, VSS) . . . . . . . . . ± 5 V dc ± 5% Analog Input Voltage (PH/IP1, 2, 3, 4) . . . . . . 2 V rms ± 10% Analog Input Voltage (PH/IPH1, 2, 3) . . . . . . 3 V rms ± 10% Ambient Operating Temperature Range Industrial (AP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40°C to +85°C
ORDERING GUIDE
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = +25°C)
Model AD2S100AP
Temperature Range 40°C to +85°C
Accuracy 18 arc min
Option* P-44A
*P = Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier.
VDD to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to +7 V dc VSS to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +0.3 V to 7 V dc AGND to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 0.3 V dc Analog Input Voltage to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VSS to VDD Digital Input Voltage to DGND . . . . 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V dc Digital Output Voltage to DGND . . . 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V dc Analog Output Voltage to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VSS 0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V dc Analog Output Load Condition (PH/OP1, 2, 3, 4 Sin, Cos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 k Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 mW Operating Temperature Industrial (AP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . +300°C
CAUTION
1. Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. 2. Correct polarity voltages must be maintained on the +VDD and VSS pins.
CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD2S100 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV. A
3
AD2S100
PIN DESIGNATIONS1, 2, 3 PIN CONFIGURATION
PH/OP4 STROBE
Pin 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 38 41 42 44
Mnemonic Description STROBE V DD V SS PH/OP4 PH/OP1 PH/OP3 PH/OP2 AGND PH/IP4 PH/IPH3 PH/IP3 PH/IPH2 PH/IP2 PH/IPH1 PH/IP1 V SS HPREF HPOP HPFILT CONV1 CONV2 COS SIN DB12 DB1 V DD DGND BUSY Begin Conversion Positive Power Supply Negative Power Supply Sin ( + ) Cos ( + ) Cos ( + 240° + ) Cos ( + 120° + ) Analog Ground Sin Input High Level Cos ( + 240°) Input Cos ( + 240°) Input High Level Cos ( + 120°) Input Cos ( + 120°) Input High Level Cos Input Cos () Input Negative Power Supply Homopolar Reference Homopolar Output Homopolar Filter Select Input Format (3 Phase/3 Wire, Sin Cos /Input, 3 Phase/2 Wire) Cos Output Sin Output (DB1 = MSB, DB12 = LSB Parallel Input Data) Positive Power Supply Digital Ground Conversion in Progress
VDD VSS
DGND
BUSY
VDD
41
NC
NC
6
5
4
3
2
1
44
43
NC
42
40
PH/OP1 7 PH/OP3 PH/OP2 AGND PH/IP4 PH/IPH3 8 9 10 11 12
NC
39 NC 38 DB1 37 DB2 36 DB3
AD2S100
TOP VIEW (NOT TO SCALE)
35 DB4 34 DB5 33 DB6 32 DB7 31 DB8 30 DB9 29 DB10
PH/IP3 13 PH/IPH2 14
PH/IP2 15 PH/IPH1 16 PH/IP1 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
CONV1
CONV2
HPOP
DB12
NC
COS
HPFILT
NC = NO CONNECT
NOTES Signal Inputs Ph/IP and PH/IPH on Pin Nos 11 through 17. 1 90° orthogonal signals = Sin , Cos (Resolver) = PH/IP4 and PH/IP1. 2 Three phase, 120°, three-wire signals = Cos , Cos ( + 120°), Cos ( + 240°). = PH/IP1, PH/IP2, PH/IP3 High Level = PH/IPH1, PH/IPH2, PH/IPH3. 3 Three Phase, 120°, two-wire signals = Cos ( + 120°), Cos ( + 240°) = PH/IP2, PH/IP3. In all cases where any of the input Pins 11 through 17 are not used, they must be left unconnected.
HPREF
DB11
VSS
SIN
4
REV. A
AD2S100
THEORY OF OPERATION
A fundamental requirement for high quality induction motor drives is that the magnitude and position of the rotating air-gap rotor flux be known. This is normally carried out by measuring the rotor position via a position sensor and establishing a rotor reference frame that can be related to stator current coordinates. To generate a flux component in the rotor, stator current is applied. A build-up of rotor flux is concluded which must be maintained by controlling the stator current, ids, parallel to the rotor flux. The rotor flux current component is the magnetizing current, imr. Torque is generated by applying a current component which is perpendicular to the magnetizing current. This current is normally called the torque generating current, iqs. To orient and control both the torque and flux stator current vectors, a coordinate transformation is carried out to establish a new reference frame related to the rotor. This complex calculation is carried out by the AD2S100 vector processor. To expand upon the vector operator a description of a single vector rotation is of assistance. If it is considered that the moduli of a vector is OP and that through the movement of rotor position by , we require the new position of this vector it can be deduced as follows: Let original vector OP = A (Cos + jSIN ) where A is a constant; so if OQ = OP ej and: ej = CosO + jSin Q = A (Cos ( + ) + jSin ( + )) = A [Cos Cos Sin Sin + jSin Cos + jCos = A [(Cos + jSin ) (Cos + jSin )]
a Q + d O P
To relate these stator current to the reference frame the rotor currents assume the same rectangular coordinates, but are now rotated by the operator ej , where ej = Cos + jSin . Here the term vector rotator comes into play where the stator current vector can be represented in rotor-based coordinates or vice versa. The AD2S100 uses ej as the core operator. Here represents the digital position angle which rotates as the rotor moves. In terms of the mathematical function, it rotates the orthogonal ids and iqs components as follows:
w
ids' + jiqs' = (Ids + jIqs) ej here ids', iqs' = stator currents in the rotor reference frame. And = ej = Cos + jSin + jSin ) (Ids + jIqs)(Cos iids' = Ids Cos
The output from the AD2S100 takes the form of: Iqs Sin + Iqs Cos ] T
qs' = Ids Sin
he matrix equation is:
[][
i d s' iqs' =
Cos Sin
Sin Cos
[]
I ds Iqs
and it is shown in Figure 2.
(
1)
Sin ] (2)
ids ej iqs
ids'
iqs'
Figure 2. AD2S100 Vector Rotation Operation
INPUT CLARK COS COS + 120° COS + 240° SIN
3 + 2 TRANSFORMATION
LATCH
SINE AND COSINE MULTIPLIER (DAC)
Cos( + )
Figure 1. Vector Rotation in Polar Coordinate
The complex stator current vector can be represented as is = ias + aibs + a2ics where a = e
j 2 j 4 and a2 = e . This can be re3 3 placed by rectangular coordinates as
DIGITAL
LATCH 23 Cos( +(120° + ))
LATCH
SINE AND COSINE MULTIPLIER (DAC)
Cos( +(240° + ))
PARK
OUTPUT CLARK
is = ids + jiqs
(3)
Figure 3. Converter Operation Diagram
In this equation ids and iqs represent the equivalent of a twophase stator winding which establishes the same magnitude of MMF in a three-phase system. These inputs can be seen after the three-phase to two-phase transformation in the AD2S100 block diagram. Equation (3) therefore represents a three-phase to two-phase conversion.
REV. A
5
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